Session 4

Before You Begin This Session

This session will guide your team through developing their first game strategy. Working in the drive teams formed during the previous session, students will follow a process designed to deepen their understanding of the game and help them brainstorm and test possible strategies. Each drive team will agree on a strategy to try, then test it out—collecting data on how well their strategy performs. After testing, the full team will come together to share experiences and make collaborative, data-driven decisions about which strategies to carry into their first competition.

Throughout this session, your primary role is to facilitate conversations around strategy development. In the Coach Notes, you’ll find guiding questions to help your team approach strategy building with creativity and intention. You'll also remind students to document their ideas and data in the engineering notebook.

The PD+ Insights article, A New Way to Define “Defining the Problem” may be useful to you as a resource to help your students create their initial game strategies. The ideas in that article are adapted from the book What If? Building Students’ Problem-Solving Skills Through Complex Challenges, by Ronald Beghetto, which is another excellent resource.

Have your kit and materials ready for the session before you begin. You will need the following:

• A built Hero Bot.
• Charged controller and batteries.
• A built V5 Override Competition Field.
• An engineering notebook.

Review strategies for implementing this STEM Lab with your team.

• Use the Implementing a Competition 101 STEM Lab article to help you prepare and facilitate this session.
• Read the Making Competition 101 STEM Labs Work For All Students article for ways to adapt, or differentiate, session content to meet varying student needs.
• Review the considerations in the Cultivating a Positive Team Culture article to support your teams' growing collaboration skills.

The familiar game of Tic-Tac-Toe is used to introduce a problem solving process students can apply during this session's activities to help them develop their first game strategy. Be sure to watch the video along with students for an example of this process which is described briefly below:

1. STOP to deeply consider the challenge. Examine what you already know about the game, including the rules and constraints of the game, and what you still need to find out. 
2. THINK about all the possible solutions, or strategy options, for the game. Generate as many as you can, without evaluating them at first. Consider all the ideas, then narrow them down into one or two to try. Don't forget to consider the possible consequences of any strategy choice, such as how the opposing team, or an alliance partner may respond.
3. TEST possible strategy ideas, and record data about how they work in the engineering notebook. Quantitative data, like the number of points scored or the time it takes to execute a particular part of the strategy should be noted.
4. EVALUATE the success of the strategy. Did it meet the team's expectations? Decide what worked and what didn't, and apply this feedback to the next round of strategy development.

In this activity, students begin to apply a problem-solving process to create a strategy for playing an individual game - Dots and Boxes. Students should use the questions on the task card as a catalyst for: 

• Building a deep understanding of the problem at hand (how to capture the most boxes in the game).
• Generating as many strategy ideas as possible.

As students engage in the activities in this session, you can encourage their understanding of the problem and boost their creativity by asking follow-up questions. For example, when students are in the Stop phase of the process, help them to clarify what they know by asking things like:

• How do you know you understand the rules thoroughly?
• Where might you find answers to any questions you have about the rules of the game?
• How would you describe the rules of this challenge to someone else?

When they are in the Think phase of the process, and generating as many ideas as possible, try questions like:

• Try to think of an idea that nobody else would think of - what would that look like?
• Can you view this game from a different perspective? How does that open up possibilities for you?
• Have you asked yourself what if questions? 
• Imagine how someone else you know might approach this game - what might their strategy idea be?

When you ask students questions like this, you are helping them to come up with their own thoughts and ideas without interjecting any of your own, which is the goal of the student-centered policy.

As always, be sure you and other supporting adults are adhering to the student-centered policy in this session as students develop their strategy ideas.

This activity is designed to ease students into applying the process to develop a collaborative team strategy for playing the game. They will engage in ‘Stop-Think-Test-Evaluate’ in their drive teams first, with the goal of choosing their best strategy to present to the whole team during the Wrap-Up section of the session.

Your role as coach is to facilitate by asking guiding questions, both about the process, and the collaborative decision making needed. The suggested questions provided above for the ‘Stop’ and ‘Think’ steps of the process will continue to be helpful. 

When students are testing their strategy, ensure they are collecting data in their engineering notebooks that they will be able to use to both choose their best strategy and to support it when sharing it with the rest of the team. 

When students are evaluating the effectiveness of their strategy, facilitate by asking follow-up questions like these:

• What specific changes do you want to make to your strategy moving forward?
• How can you keep the successful parts of your strategy and improve the parts that weren't as helpful?
• How do you know this aspect of your strategy was successful? What data do you have to show it?

Remember - strategy development is an iterative process! Your team will need to go through this process continuously over the course of the season, and will experience setbacks and frustration. Support them by reminding them that it is okay to feel frustrated, but that it is important to view failures as opportunities to learn and grow. 

The following videos from VEX PD+ may be also helpful in developing students' mindset:

• Habits of Mind - Persistence
• Habits of Mind - Thinking Flexibly

Remind students periodically to perform the Student-Centered Check. Refer to the Student-Centered Policy as needed.

During the Wrap-Up, each drive team should share their best strategy from the previous activity. Then the team should make a collaborative decision about which strategy they want to adopt as their initial strategy for the game. Students may find they want to combine elements of several strategies, and that is great! The following guiding questions may help if students get stuck during this discussion:

• Of all the strategy ideas presented, which do you think is the best, and why? 
• What data are you using to make your decisions?
• If you combine the best parts of multiple strategy ideas, can you come up with a stronger strategy?
• Do you see any possible issues with your chosen strategy? What ideas do you have for solving them?

Once students have settled on a strategy, end the session with some excitement and motivation by giving students time to test it out on the Field with their robot!